1. Permit Requirements
- Improvement Permit (IP): Before installing a septic system, obtain an IP from the local health department. This permit assesses whether the land is suitable for a septic system based on soil and site conditions.
- Construction Authorization (CA): Once the IP is issued, a CA is required to proceed with the system’s installation. It specifies the type of system to be used.
- Operation Permit (OP): After installation, an OP is necessary to operate the system legally.
2. System Design and Installation
- Licensed Professionals: Systems designed to handle over 3,000 gallons per day must be designed by a registered professional engineer.
- System Types: Conventional systems include a septic tank and a gravity distribution field. Alternative systems, like low-pressure pipe systems or sand filters, may be used when conventional systems are not feasible.
- Repair Areas: A designated repair area must be identified during the permitting process for future system expansion or replacement.
3. Maintenance Responsibilities
- Regular Pumping: Septic tanks should be pumped every 3 to 5 years to prevent solids from entering the drainfield.
- Effluent Filters: Install effluent filters to prevent solids from reaching the drainfield, extending the system’s lifespan.
- System Inspections: Regular inspections by certified professionals ensure the system operates efficiently.
4. Legal and Environmental Considerations
- System Modifications: Any changes to the system, such as adding bedrooms or structures, require prior approval from the local health department.
- Waste Disposal: Only domestic wastewater should enter the septic system. Avoid discharging chemicals, oils, or non-biodegradable materials.
- Flood-Prone Areas: Do not install septic systems in areas prone to flooding or near water bodies without proper authorization.
5. Contractor Responsibilities
- Certification: Ensure that all septic system installers and pumpers are certified by the North Carolina Onsite Wastewater Contractor Inspector Certification Board (NCOWCICB).
- Record Keeping: Maintain detailed records of installations, inspections, and maintenance activities.
- Compliance: Stay updated with the latest regulations and ensure all operations comply with state laws.
Sources: https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/septic-system-owners-guide